The history of medicine in non-European countries has often been characterized by the study of their native "traditional” medicine, such as (Galenico-)Islamic medicine, and Ayurvedic or Chinese medicine. Modern medicine in these countries, on the other had, has usually been viewed as a Western corpus of knowledge and institution, juxtaposing or replacing the native medicine but without any organic relation with the local context.This essentialist perspective, believing in fixed Western and non-Western sysems, has led many historians to neglect the assimilative properties of these systems and the evolution that can occur in them. As a result, we witness a chronological as well as conceptual discontinuity in the historiographical narrative for non-European ountries: Traditional local system on the one hand, and modern medicine on the other. Nevertheless, not only traditional medical systems have changed at various levels due to local dynamics, even though sometimes spurred by outside ...

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