Immigration has re-emerged as a highly politicized and contested policy domain throughout Europe. Demographic trends, skill shortages despite high unemployment rates, and advocacy by employers are leading governments to jettison "zero immigration" policies. The newly emerging paradigm of "managed migration" entails more permissive access channels for coveted labor migrants, while access by unsolicited asylum seekers and beneficiaries of family reunion is curtailed. Governments are subject to influential lobbying by employers, trade unions, and humanitarian non-governmental organizations, but the effectiveness of such lobbying is mitigated by important institutional-organizational characteristics. The nature and number of labor migrants desired is conditioned by the respective system of political economy; thus liberal economies such as the UK and Ireland accommodate different types of migrants then Germany and France. But migration policy is also increasingly Europeanized and the...

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