Developments of America's first heavy lift space rocket Saturn I, the Saturn IB and Saturn V propelled America's space program during the Apollo and Skylab eras. First launched in 1966, Saturn IB replaced the Saturn I's S-IV second stage with the more powerful S-IVB. It could carry a partially fueled Apollo Command / Service Module or fully fueled Lunar Module into low Earth orbit, allowing critical testing of these systems to be conducted long before the Saturn V was ready. It also flew one orbital mission without a payload, with the extra fuel used to demonstrate that the S-IVB's J-2 engine could be restarted in zero gravity - a critical operation for translunar injection. The Saturn IB produced thrust equivalent to 1.6 million pounds force, and could carry 46,000 pounds of payload to low Earth orbit. Saturn IB flew nine times, including three Skylab missions and for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Saturn V was simply the heaviest, tallest, and most powerful rocket ever built,...

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