A complex and controversial Victorian's account of war It is fatal to project the attitudes of the modern (or any) age onto those of another time or to view historical events from any perspectives other than that of those who took part in them. It is a difficult discipline for the modern reader to master and, perhaps inevitably, history is evaluated from our own moral standpoint irrespective of whether that would in itself ultimately stand up to any kind of scrutiny. There have been many appalling acts in modern warfare that are equal to those atrocities in the past that we may be inclined to 'understand' as being the result of 'savagery' or lack of enlightenment. The nineteenth century wars against the Xhosa tribes of South Africa could be as savage as any fought and there can be little doubt that imperial powers could use methods verging on genocide when they decided to take over the lands and resources of underdeveloped people. Equally, a savage foe inevitably fought a...

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