Charles William Eliot (1834-1926) was selected as Harvard's president in 1869. He transformed the provincial college into the preeminent American research university. Eliot served the longest term as president in the university's history. He graduated from Harvard in 1853. He was appointed Tutor in Mathematics at Harvard in the fall of 1854 and promoted to Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Chemistry in 1858. However, he left Harvard in 1863 and spent the next two years travelling in Europe, studying the educational systems of the Old World. His approach to investigating European education was unusual. He did not confine his attention to educational institutions, but explored the role of education in every aspect of national life. He edited the Harvard Classics, which together are colloquially known as his Five Foot Shelf and which were intended at the time to suggest a foundation for informed discourse.

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