In 1980 Alvin Gouldner identified two traditions of Marxist thought-Marxism as science and Marxism as critique. This book is concerned with the first and by far the most politically influential of those traditions-Marxism as science. It analyzes the claim, first made by Marx and Engels themselves, that Marxism is some kind of ""hard"" natural science of society able to identify laws of social development and to provide a scientific guide to revolutionary activity. Marxism and Science breaks new ground by using Wittgensteinian analysis of Marxist discourse to construct a totally different conception of Marxism appropriate to the postmodern world. In this conception, Marxism is a point of view that can be advanced, rationally defended, and made convincing and persuasive to others, but that is as partial in some respects as any other political point of view. Reconceiving Marxism thus requires not only understanding language in a different nonobjectivist way but also adopting a new...

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