High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Da??a (Sanskrit: ????) is the Hindu equivalent of punishment. In ancient India, punishments were generally sanctioned by the ruler, but other legal officials could also play a part. The punishments that were handed out were in response to criminal activity. In the Hindu law tradition, there is a counterpart to da??a which is prayascitta, or atonement. Whereas da??a is sanctioned primarily by the king, prayascitta is taken up by a person upon his or her own volition.:133 Furthermore, da??a provides a way for an offender to right any violations of dharma that he or she may have committed. In essence, da??a functions as the ruler's tool to protect the system of life stages and castes.:128-129 Da??a makes up a part of vyavahara, or legal procedure, which was also a responsibility afforded to the king.:128-129 Данное издание представляет собой компиляцию сведений, находящихся в свободном доступе в среде Интернет в целом, и в информационном...

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