High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Julian's Persian expedition was the last undertaking of the Roman emperor Julian, begun in March 363. It was an aggressive war against the Persian Empire ruled by the Sassanian king Shapur II. Shapur is believed to have expected an invasion by way of the Tigris valley. Julian sent a detachment to join with his ally Arshak II of Armenia and take the Tigris route. Meanwhile with his main army he advanced rapidly down the Euphrates valley, meeting only scattered opposition, and reached the walls of the Persian capital Ctesiphon where he met and defeated the Persian army at the Battle of Ctesiphon (363). Unable to take the city, and with a faltering plan of campaign, he eventually retreated north towards Samarra where he was fatally injured in a skirmish, dying on 26 June 363. The leaderless Roman army chose Jovian as Julian's successor. The new emperor negotiated a retreat from a weak bargaining position. His agreement with Shapur transferred...

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