High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! During past ages, there was rain and/or snow on Mars; especially in the Noachian and early Hesperian epochs. Some moisture entered the ground and formed aquifers. That is, the water went into the ground, seeped down until it reached a layer that would not allow it to penetrate (such a layer is called impermeable), and then water piled up forming a layer that was saturated with water. In an aquifer water occupies open space (pore space) that lies between rock particles. This layer would spread out, eventually coming to be under most of the Martian surface. The top of this layer is called the water table. Calculations show that the water table on Mars was for a time 600 meters below the surface. Several prominent features on the planet have been produced by the action of groundwater. When water rose to the surface or near surface, various minerals were deposited and sediments became cemented together. Some of the minerals were sulfates that...

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