High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Bacteriophage T12 is a bacteriophage that infects the bacterial species Streptococcus pyogenes, and converts a harmless strain of bacteria into a virulent strain. It carries the speA gene which codes for erythrogenic toxin A. speA is also known as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A, scarlet fever toxin A, or even scarlatinal toxin. Note that when the term 'spe'A is italicized, the reference is to the gene. In contrast, when the term 'spe'A is not italicized, the toxin itself is being referred to. Erythrogenic toxin A converts a harmless, nonvirulent strain of Streptococcus pyogenes to a virulent strain through lysogeny, a life cycle which is characterized by the ability of the genome to become a part of and be stably maintained in the host cell for generations. Phages with a lysogenic life cycle are also called temperate phages. A virulent strain of bacteria is one that is "extremely infective" and causes medical, clinical symptoms....

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