When we listen to music containing more than one instrumental or vocal part, we usually do so in a figure-ground manner so that only one part receives focal attention while the remaining parts act as background. To date, factors influencing selection in real musical contexts have not been well understood. In this study, I therefore aim to determine the factors that cause one stream to stand out over another and capture listener attention in polyphonic music. After a review of relevant literature, I create a preference rule list for attention and polyphonic tonal music listening and demonstrate each rule with excerpts taken from Mozart's and Beethoven's string quartets. I then test three of the rules in two experimental studies: these include 1) prefer to attend to the highest part, 2) prefer to attend to parts with chromatic pitches, and 3) prefer to attend to parts with accented non-chord tones. ...

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