High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! First-order logic is a formal logical system used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. It goes by many names, including: first-order predicate calculus, the lower predicate calculus, quantification theory, and predicate logic (a less precise term). First-order logic is distinguished from propositional logic by its use of quantifiers; each interpretation of first-order logic includes a domain of discourse over which the quantifiers range. The adjective "first-order" is used to distinguish first-order theories from higher-order theories in which there are predicates having other predicates or functions as arguments or in which predicate quantifiers or function quantifiers are permitted or both. In interpretations of first-order theories, predicates are associated with sets. In interpretations of higher order theories, they may be also associated with sets of sets. Данное издание представляет собой компиляцию сведений,...

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