High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A kolkhoz (Russian: колхо?з? (help·info), Russian pronunciation: ), plural kolkhozy, was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms (sovkhoz, plural sovkhozy). The word is a contraction of коллекти?вное хозя?йство, or "collective farm", while sovkhoz is a contraction of советское хозяйство (English: Soviet farm). Kolkhozy and sovkhozy were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917 as an antithesis to individual or family farming. The 1920s were characterized by spontaneous and apparently voluntary emergence of collective farms, which included an updated version of the traditional Russian "commune”, the generic "farming association” (zemledel’cheskaya artel’), the association for joint cultivation of land (TOZ), and finally the kolkhoz. This peaceful and gradual shift to collective farming in the first 15 years...

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