High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The History of Portugal from the Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 to the declaration of Afonso Henriques as the King of Portugal in 1139 is a 400-year period in which the national identity of the Portuguese people was formed and the basis for the Portuguese independence was created. This period starts with the fall of the Visigothic kingdom after Tariq ibn-Ziyad's invasion of Iberia and the establishment of the Umayyad control in the territory. During this period of Muslim presence several scientific improvements were made, namely agricultural and astronomical. These areas would be vital for Portugal's 15th century expansion. In parallel to the Muslim occupation, the Christian Reconquista started quickly after the invasion, by the hands of Pelayo. Amid several steps back and forward, the Christian kingdoms of Asturias, and later Leon, Navarre, Aragon, Galicia and Castile managed to increasingly control larger parts of the...

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