Baseline data in clinical trials consists of information regarding patients that is measured at the outset, prior to randomization (or treatment with study medications). In studies where important baseline factors appear well balanced, it can be reasonably concluded that any differences in outcome between the intervention and control groups are a real effect of treatment. The common assumption that any baseline differences in a randomized study are necessarily random is, however, misplaced. Selection bias can, and does, occur – even in randomized clinical trials. Steps need to be taken in order to ensure that this does not compromise the integrity of clinical trials; hence Selection Bias and Covariate Imbalances in Randomized Clinical Trials offers the first comprehensive treatment of the subject and the methodology involved. Provides an overview of the hierarchy of study designs, and justifies the position of randomized trials at the top of this hierarchy. ...

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