Most writers have assumed that the spread of the Islamic faith has tended to weaken and undermine the foundations of traditional African society and culture. In this interesting and original study Professor Bravmann reexamines and refutes the assumption that the aniconic attitudes of Islam, especially the prohibition of representational imagery, have had a detrimental effect on the visual arts in the areas of West Africa influenced by this universalistic faith. The first three chapters are devoted to a general discussion of the ways in which Islam succeeded in influencing large portions of West Africa showing that the expansion of the faith was characterized by tolerance and a highly pragmatic approach to the problems associated with cultural contact and change. Professor Bravmann demonstrates that the impact of the orthodox texts was, as it still is, restricted when compared with the areas closer to the homelands of Islam. The strength and flexibility of West African...

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