"To visit Moscow means to know Russia," wrote the great Russian historian Nikolai Karamzin. Since time immemorial golden-domed Moscow has been regarded as the heart of Russia, the focus of the Russian spirit and a symbol of Russian statehood. In 2007 the city will celebrate its jubilee. 865 years have passed since the memorable day of 4 April 1147 when Yury Dolgoruky, the Prince of Suzdal, gave a feast on his estate in honour of Sviatoslav Olgovich, the Prince of Seversk, inviting him there with the words: "Come, brother, to me to Moscow." This is the first mention of Moscow in the Chronicles and it is thought to be the date of its foundation. In 1328 the Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita received an edict from the Tatar Khan Uzbek for becoming the Grand Prince and thus the history of Moscow as the capital of Russia began. Towards the end of the fifteenth century Moscow grew into the political, spiritual and administrative centre of Russia, the bulwark of the country's political and...

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